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  • A review on dietary fatty acids and coronary risk from the University of Cambridge

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    Association of dietary, circulating, and supplement fatty acids with coronary risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis

    Authors: Chowdhury R, Warnakula S, Kunutsor S, Crowe F, Ward HA, Johnson L, Franco OH, Butterworth AS, Forouhi NG, Thompson SG, Khaw KT, Mozaffarian D,Danesh J, Di Angelantonio E.

    CONCLUSION:
    Current evidence does not clearly support cardiovascular guidelines that encourage high consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids and low consumption of total saturated fats.

    Abstract
    BACKGROUND:
    Guidelines advocate changes in fatty acid consumption to promote cardiovascular health.
    PURPOSE:
    To summarize evidence about associations between fatty acids and coronary disease.
    DATA SOURCES:
    MEDLINE, Science Citation Index, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials through July 2013.
    STUDY SELECTION:
    Prospective, observational studies and randomized, controlled trials.
    DATA EXTRACTION:
    Investigators extracted data about study characteristics and assessed study biases.
    DATA SYNTHESIS:
    There were 32 observational studies (530,525 participants) of fatty acids from dietary intake; 17 observational studies (25,721 participants) of fatty acid biomarkers; and 27 randomized, controlled trials (103,052 participants) of fatty acid supplementation. In observational studies, relative risks for coronary disease were 1.02 (95% CI, 0.97 to 1.07) for saturated, 0.99 (CI, 0.89 to 1.09) for monounsaturated, 0.93 (CI, 0.84 to 1.02) for long-chain ω-3 polyunsaturated, 1.01 (CI, 0.96 to 1.07) for ω-6 polyunsaturated, and 1.16 (CI, 1.06 to 1.27) for trans fatty acidswhen the top and bottom thirds of baseline dietary fatty acid intake were compared. Corresponding estimates for circulating fatty acids were 1.06 (CI, 0.86 to 1.30), 1.06 (CI, 0.97 to 1.17), 0.84 (CI, 0.63 to 1.11), 0.94 (CI, 0.84 to 1.06), and 1.05 (CI, 0.76 to 1.44), respectively. There was heterogeneity of the associations among individual circulating fatty acids and coronary disease. In randomized, controlled trials, relative risks for coronary disease were 0.97 (CI, 0.69 to 1.36) for α-linolenic, 0.94 (CI, 0.86 to 1.03) for long-chain ω-3 polyunsaturated, and 0.89 (CI, 0.71 to 1.12) for ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementations.
    LIMITATION:
    Potential biases from preferential publication and selective reporting.
    PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE:
    British Heart Foundation, Medical Research Council, Cambridge National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, and Gates Cambridge.

    Association of dietary, circulating, and supplement fatty acids with coronary risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

    Posted in Latest evidence and tagged , .

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